The devastating September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon left us stunned, angry, and uncomprehending. As it became clear that these horrifying acts had been committed in the name of Islam, we struggled to understand how religion could be used to justify the slaughter of innocents. The media, the government, and ordinary citizens alike sought answers to questions about Isl…

The Chicago school of economics has long emphasised the efficiency of decision makers in a competitive economic order in comparison to those in a democratic political order. The purpose of our article is to show that this emphasis emerged from two different re-conceptualisations of liberal democracy by Chicago economists during the post-war period The first was Frank H. Knight�s enquir…