Unlike many other photo synthetic dino flagel lates, whose plastids contain a characteristic carotenoid peridinin, members of the genus Lepidodinium are the only known dinoflagellate species possessing green alga-derived plastids. However, the precise origin of Lepidodinium plastids has hitherto remained uncertain. In this study, we completely sequenced the plastid genome of Lepid o…

Epigenetic information regulates gene function and has important effects on development in eukaryotic organisms. DNA methylation, one such for mofepigenetic information, has been implicated in the regulation of gene function in diverse metazoantaxa. In insects, DNA methylation has been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression and splicing. However, the functional basis for this…

Collocation dictionaries are primarily encoding in terms of both data categories (i.e. combination-oriented and selection-oriented information) and data presentation (i.e. onomasiological arrangement). However, the two-dimensional encoding nature of collocation dictionaries receives insufficient attention in lexicographical practice, thus limiting dictionaries’ capability to meet users’ sel…

Many children’s and school dictionaries with English as a treated language have limited user-friendliness in African communities due to the fact that they were produced for mother-tongue speakers of English. An analysis of a selection of dictionaries within this category indicates a need to go beyond the application of principles that generally distinguish children’s and school dictionaries…

Mammalian sex chromosomes evolved from the degeneration of one homolog of a pair of ancestral autosomes, the proto-Y. This resulted in a gene dose imbalance that is believed to be restored (partially or fully) through upregulation of gene expression from the single activeX-chromosome in both sexes by adosage compensatory mechanism. We analyzed multiple genome-wide RNA stability data sets and fo…

This paper looks at Erazm Rykaczewski’s A Complete Dictionary English and Polish . . . (1849), one of the milestones in the history of English-Polish / Polish-English lexicography. Despite its significance for the bilingual user in Poland and English-speaking countries with large Polish diasporas, where it came to be reprinted over the next century, it has attracted little scholarly attentio…

Investigating dictionary use is not only essential to the process of dictionary compilation and evaluation but equally to establishing a best practice of strategic dictionary consultation. User research of the past few decades has tended to focus either on pedagogical lexicography or the evaluation of specific lexicographic resources. In particular, the proportion of investigations in specialis…

This article is primarily a description of the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Academic English (2014), a reference work aimed at higher education students who are studying through the medium of English but who are not native speakers of English. Description includes comparisons with the more general Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, and is preceded by an introduction to the field of �…

At the present time, electronic lexicography and corpus linguistics are undergoing a period of fast development, and they are among the most illuminating areas of Applied Linguistics. However, there are no electronic dictionaries of the ‘primeta’ (superstitions, omens and predictions) based on the Russian language. The analysis of existing traditional dictionaries and websites shows that th…

By phylogenetic analysis, Mycobacterium kansasii is closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yet, although both organisms cause pulmonary disease, M. tuberculosis is a global health menace, whereas M.kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen. To illuminate the differences between these organisms, we have sequenced the genome of M.kansasii ATCC12478 and its plasmid (pMK12478) and conducted sid…