The importance of substantial and sustained investment in the energy sector cannot be overstated. The protections offered to private investors through the global network of bilateral investment treaties (BITs), including investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) are particularly significant for the energy sector. However, the ISDS system that has been so significant in encouraging investment is …

Investment in upstream oil and gas operations is of great importance for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. There are diverse and varied laws and regulations regarding investment in upstream oil and gas operations. This article intends to investigate and evaluate these various laws, as well as to provide an answer to the question as to what extent these rules are able to pro…

Texas law has only recently codified in precedential decisions a reasonable formula forproduction allocations for horizontal, including fracked, wells. The ancient regime of the Rule of Capture does not generally apply, because of the nature of the geologic deposits and the new technology. This reasonable formula is applicable in the international arena for cross-border deposits and production…

New hydrocarbon frontiers open for various reasons, including technological advances and beneficial economic conditions. In this article, the authors focus on countries opening for business because of political changes and how foreign entrants can best manage investment risk in these countries. Investing in frontier markets may be challenging for a number of reasons, however, the prize for over…

As global climate change and its adverse effects have caused serious consequences, the Chinese Government is speeding up on energy saving and emissions reductions, becoming much more active on the climate and environment front. According to the work schedule of the Ministry of Finance, construction of the environmental protection tax system is one essential part of the forthcoming green tax re…

The Leviathan natural gas field has become a significant energy source for surrounding states in the eastern Mediterranean such as Lebanon, Cyprus, Syria, Israel, Jordan and Turkey. Tensions in the particular area cause this resource to be exploited on a low efficiency level both when it comes to utilization and organized cooperation between states helping their economies to benefit from the t…

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This article assesses the impact of domestic code-sharing agreements on prices of non-stop flights in the United States. The article finds a positive and significant correlation between code-sharing agreements and the level of airfares, and considers this to be the outcome of two anticompetitive effects: (1) a �round table� effect, produced when the exchange of commercially sensit…

The cost to U.S. merchants of taking payment on debit cards declined by more than $7 billion annually as a result of the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, while the effective cost to issuers of providing debit-card services to consumers increased by a corresponding amount. This article reports an event-study analysis of stock prices to…

INDRA AFANDI. NIM: 0901125098. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dengan Menggunakan Dienes AEM Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa SMAN 11 Bekasi, Skripsi. Jakarta: Program Studi Matematika, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, April 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk terdapat atau tidaknya pengaruh model pembelaja…