Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi Ibu, Pola Makan, Asupan Energi Dan Zat Gizi Makro Dengan Status Gizi Anak Autis Di Sekolah Citra Anindya Bintaro, Tangerang Selatan April 2016

redy sopiandi;

ABSTRAK
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) adalah gangguan perkembangan saraf yang biasanya didiagnosis pada anak-anak sebelum usia tiga tahun. kelainan ini ditandai dengan gangguan dalam interaksi sosial, kemampuan bahasa terutama dalam komunikasi sosial dan senang berimajinasi, bersamaan dengan kecenderungan terhadap berbagai jenis kegiatan dan kesenangan repetitif. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola makan, asupan energi dan zat gizi makro dengan status gizi anak autis di Sekolah Citra Anindya Bintaro, Tangerang Selatan April 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2016 di Sekolah Citra Anindya Bintaro, Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel berjumlah 32 orang. Variabel dependen pada penelitian ini adalah status gizi, sedangkan variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola makan, dan asupan energi dan zat gizi makro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar (90.6%) responden memiliki tingkat pendidikan tinggi yaitu >SLTP, (65.6%) responden yang bekerja, (56.2%) responden yang memiliki pengetahuan gizi cukup. Selain itu, sama rata yaitu sebesar (50.0%) anak autis menerapkan diet gluten dengan baik dan kurang baik, (56.2%) anak autis menerapkan diet kasein dengan baik, (53.1%) anak autis menerapkan diet anti yeast dengan baik, (53.1%) anak autis menerapkan diet zat aditif kurang baik, serta untuk diet alergi dan intoleransi makanan sama rata yaitu sebesar (50.0%) anak autis menerapkannya dengan baik dan kurang baik. Anak autis dalam penelitian ini memiliki sebesar (46.8%) asupan energi normal, sebesar (65.6%) memiliki asupan protein kurang, sebesar (40.6%) memiliki asupan lemak yang berlebih, sebesar (65.6%) memiliki asupan karbohidrat kurang, dan sebesar (40.6%) status gizi anak autis yaitu obesitas. Hasil uji chi-square dapat diketahui bahwa ada hubungan bermakna (p0.05) antara pengetahuan...
ABSTRACT
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually diagnosed in children before the age of three. This disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, language skills, especially in social communication and imagination happy, along with a tendency to various types of activities and pleasures repetitive. The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge, diet, energy intake and macro-nutrients with the nutritional status of children with autism in the School of Image Anindya Bintaro, South Tangerang April 2016. This study was conducted in April 2016 at the School of Image Anindya Bintaro, South Tangerang. This research used analytic survey with cross sectional study design. The dependent variable in this study is the nutritional status, while the independent variables in this study is the knowledge of maternal nutrition, diet and energy intake and macro nutrients. The results showed that as many as 90.6% respondents had a higher education level, most of respondent had work as many as 65.6%, about 56.2% respondents had sufficient knowledge of nutrition. Moreover, the result showed the equal value as many as 50.0% children with autism had a good gluten diet and poor gluten diet, as many as 56.2% children with autism had a good casein diet, 53.1% children with autism had a good anti yeast diet, (53.1% ) an autistic children had a poor addictive diet, meanwhile, for allergic diet and food intolerance the equal value has been showed as many as 50.0% had good and poor diet. In this study as many as 46.8% autism children had normal energy intake, about 65.6% had insufficient protein intake, about 40.6% had excessive fat intake, about 65.6% had insufficient carbohydrate intake, and as many as 40.6 % children had obesity. Chi-square test results showed that no significant correlation (P 0.05) between maternal nutritional knowledge, protein intake and carbohydrate intake against the nutritional status of autistic children.