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The 2003 CAP reform introduced decoupled income transfers as a prominent policy instrument. However, member states were given discretion over the degree and timing of the reform implementation. As a result, different implementation schemes coexist, keeping certain parts of the income support coupled. This coexistence leads to distortions of production incentives, factor misallocations and artif…
- Tahun Terbit
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For an integer r, a prime power q and a polynomial f over a finite field Fqr of qr elements, we obtain an upper bound on the frequency of elements in an orbit generated by iterations of f which fall in a proper subfield of Fqr . We also obtain similar results for elements in affine subspaces of Fqr , considered as a linear space over Fq .
- Tahun Terbit
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