In autumn 2012, the new release 05 (RL05) of monthly geopotencial spherical harmonics Stokes coefficients (SC) from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission was published. This release reduces the noise in high degree and order SC, but they still need to be filtered. One of the most common filtering processing is the combination of decorrelation and Gaussian …

Much of our understanding about contemporary African economies relies on survey data fromsmall andmediumenterprises. In this study,we apply a newmethod for sampling enterprises: respondent-driven sampling, or RDS. RDS is a modified method of chain-referral or network sampling, in which survey participants recruit other enterprises in their social network to the study. It incorporates a mathema…

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods are widely use donland to mapelectric conductivity and/or magnetic susceptibility distributions of surficial sediments. In contrast, the application of these methods in marine environments is relatively novel. Based on the recently developed electromagnetic benthic profiler MARUM-NERIDIS III we investigate the potential of concentric-loop EMI …

Economic stagnation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) led a number of economists to question the region�s ability to attain sustained economic growth, some arguing for the need to shift away from primary exports. Yet,we find that lowgrowth has not been common to all SSA countries and that those that maintained political stability and significantly liberalised their economies experienced high a…

Across invertebrates and vertebrates, steroids are potent signaling molecules that affect nearly every cell in the organism, including cells of the nervous system. Historically, researchers have focused on the genomic (or ‘‘nuclearinitiated’’) effects of steroids. However, all classes of steroids also have rapid non-genomic (or ‘‘membrane-initiated’’) effects, although there is …

This paper estimates the long-run impact of a large income shock based on regional variations in the 1987�89 locust plague in Mali. We take comprehensive population census data to construct birth cohorts of individuals and compare those born and living in the years and villages affected by locust plagues with other cohorts. We find a clear, strong impact on the educational outcomes of …

Spherical harmonic and mascon parameters have both been successfully applied in the recovery of time-varying gravity fields from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). However, direct comparison of any mass flux is difficult with solutions generated by different groups using different codes and algorithms. It is therefore opportune to compare these methodologies, wit…

Tahun Terbit

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The possibility for independently evolving entities to form and persist in the absence of sexual recombination in eukaryotes has been questioned; nevertheless, there are organisms that are known to be asexual and that have apparently diversified into multiple species as recognized by taxonomists. These organisms have therefore been identified as an evolutionary paradox. We explore three alterna…

Fractured rocks are known to exhibit seismicanisotropy and shear waves plitting (SWS). SWS is commonly used for fractured rock characterization and has been shown to be sensitive to fluid type. The presence of partial liquid/gas saturation is also known to affect the elastic properties of rocks. The combined effect of both fractures and partial liquid/gas saturation is still unknown. Usin…