A method for combining the asymptotic operator designed by Beylkin (Born migration operator) for the solution of linearized inverse problems with full waveform inversion is presented. This operator is used to modify the standard L2 norm that measures the distance between synthetic and observed data. The modified misfit function measures the discrepancy of the synthetic and observed data after t…

Recent evidence suggests that a portion of the Canary plume travelled northeastwards below the lithosphere of the Atlas Mountains in North Africa towards the Alboran domain and was captured ∼10 Ma ago by the Gibraltar subduction system in the Western Mediterranean. The capture would have been associated with the mantle return flow induced by the west ward retreating slab that would have …

Numerous regional plate reorganizations and the coeval ages of the Hawaiian Emperor bend (HEB) and Louisville bend of 50–47 Ma have been interpreted as a possible global tectonic plate reorganization at ∼chron 21 (47.9 Ma). Yet for a truly global event we would expect a contemporaneous change in Africa absolute plate motion (APM) reflected by physical evidence distributed on the Africa…

Several dinoflagellate species in the genus Blastodinium are gut parasites of marine planktonic copepods. However, there is only limited information on the occurrence and infection frequencies of Blastodinium spp. in the field and almost no information on the functional impact on their hosts. We report upon the effects of Blastodinium sp. infection on Calanus finmarchicus from the northeastern …

Measurements of seismic anisotropy are commonly used to constrain deformation in the upper mantle. Observations of anisotropy at mid-mantle depths are, however, relatively sparse. In this study we probe the anisotropic structure of the mid-mantle (transition zone and uppermost lower mantle) beneath the Japan, Izu-Bonin, and South America subduction systems. We present source-side shear wave spl…

The rise of new free trade agreements in the 1990s and early 2000s altered the dynamic of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the arbiter of world commerce forever. Moreover, WTO negotiating rounds over the past decade have been beset with irreconcilable objectives among WTO members, with emerging market members fundamentally opposed to opening their markets to exports from advanced count…

At 155 km, the P¨arvie fault is the world’s longest known endglacial fault (EGF). It is located in northernmost Sweden in a region where several kilometre-scale EGFs have been identified. Based on studies of Quaternary deposits, landslides and liquefaction structures, these faults are inferred to have ruptured as large earthquakes when the latest ice sheet disappeared from the region, some 9…

The objective of this study was to estimate the surface flux of crustacean larvae at three points along the Baker/ Martinez fjord complex, Chilean Patagonia, during the season of maximum river discharge. Concurrent acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and zooplankton surveys were conducted along three across-channel transects spanning 58 km along the fjord, in late February 2013. The result…

The depth of an earthquake is difficult to estimate because of the trade-off between depth and origin time estimations, and because it can be biased by lateral Earth heterogeneities. To face this challenge, we have developed a new, blind and fully automatic teleseismic depth analysis. The results of this new method do not depend on epistemic uncertainties due to depth-phase picking and identifi…

The mechanism of Investor�State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) allows private foreign investors to challenge government measures before an ad hoc international arbitral tribunal. ISDS has been in existence for a long time. Yet recently this mechanism has proven very controversial, notably in the European Union and then the United States, when it became part of the negotiations on a comprehen…