We present an argument to support the existence of dissipativemodes in relativistic field theories. For an O(N) ϕ4 theory in spatial dimension 1 ≤ d ≤ 3, the two-point function of ϕ is shown to develop a pole of the form p0 ∼ i −1(p2 + m2) at small energy p0 and momentum p, with a nonzero finite coefficient or relaxation constant, ,when evaluated in the two-…

The solution of the geophysical electromagnetic (EM) modelling problem on unstructured tetrahedral-Vorono¨ı grids using EM potentials is investigated. Unstructured grids enable accurate representation of geological structures and interfaces and allow local refinements that can be beneficial in the mesh, for example, at the observation points and at the source. The time-harmonic Helmholtz…

The scattering of seismic waves travelling in the Earth is not only caused by random velocity heterogeneity but also by surface topography. Both factors are known to strongly affect groundmotion complexity even at relatively short distance from the source. In this study, we simulate ground motion with a 3-D finite-difference wave propagation solver in the 0–5 Hz frequency band using three to…

We investigate the non-equilibrium critical evolution of statistical systems and describe of its some features, such as aging and violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We consider some theoretical results of computations for universal quantities that have been obtained in recent years, such as the exponents determining the scaling behavior of dynamic response and correlation functio…

I investigate quantum decoherence in a one-body density matrix of a composite particle consisting of two correlated particles. Because of the two-body correlation in the composite particle, quantum decoherence occurs in the one-body density matrix that has been reduced from the twobody density matrix. As the delocalization of the distribution of the composite particle grows, the entanglement en…

In this letter, we study the latest bound on the mass of doubly charged Higgs bosons, H±±, assuming that they dominantly decay into a diboson. The new bound is obtained by comparing the inclusive searches by the ATLAS Collaboration [ATLAS Collaboration, J. High Energy Phys. 1503, 041 (2015)] for events with a same-sign dilepton using the latest 20.3 fb−1 data at the Large Hadron Collide…

Friction laws, which are a key to the understanding of the diversity of earthquakes, are considered theoretically. Using dimensional analysis, the logarithmic dependence of the friction coefficient on the slip velocity and the state variable is derived without any knowledge of the underlying physical processes on the frictional surface. This is based on a simple assumption that the friction co…

A new method of fully nonlinear waveform fitting to measure interstation phase speeds and amplitude ratios is developed and applied to USArray. The Neighbourhood Algorithm is used as a global optimizer, which efficiently searches for model parameters that fit two observed waveforms on a common great-circle path by modulating the phase and amplitude terms of the fundamental-mode surface waves. W…

The main objective of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Atmospheric and Oceanic De-Aliasing Level-1B product (AOD1B) is the removal of high-frequency nontidal mass variations due to sub-monthly mass transport in the atmosphere and oceans. Application of AOD1B shall avoid aliasing of these high-frequency signals into monthly gravity models derived from modern gravity missions a…

In the complex action theory whose path runs over not only past but also future, we study a normalized matrix element of an operator ˆO defined in terms of the future state at the latest time TB and the past state at the earliest time TA with a proper inner product that makes normal a given Hamiltonian that is non-normal at first. We present a theorem that states that, provided that the operat…