We perform a systematic investigation of along-strike rupture directivity of 70 earthquakes (3.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.1) of the 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence by analysing azimuthal variations of broad-band seismograms recorded in the distance range 60 km < R < 230 km. We use reference spectra of events with little directivity (similar to the empirical Green’s function method) to deconvolve…

The Rogaland Igneous Complex (RIC) in southern Norway intruded into post-Sveconorwegian granulite facies crust ∼930 Ma. It includes three massif anorthosites, several small leuconorite bodies and the ∼7 km thick norite-quartz mangerite layered Bjerkreim-Sokndal (BKS) intrusion. The intrusion consists of five rhythmic megaunits created by repeated magma influxes topped by a transitio…

We study the well log and seismic responses of intensively fractured portions of deep intrusive/metamorphic rocks in southern Tuscany (Italy), which constitute the main drilling targets of the geothermal exploration in the Larderello–Travale area. In particular, the target we consider is located near the contact between a deep Pliocene granitic intrusion and the overlying Palaeozoic metamorph…

We show a case study of full-waveform inversion (FWI) applied to a regional 240-km long seismic profile (called POLCRUST-01) located in southeast Poland. The experiment is unique because it portrays different tectonic deformation styles over a relatively short distance. It was designed for deep reflection imaging, but we decided to use FWI to provide a high-resolution P-wave velocity model of t…

The relative permittivity (εr) and the electrical conductivity (σ) of porous media are known to be functions of water saturation (S). As such, their measurements can be useful in effective characterisations and monitoring of geological carbon sequestration using geoelectrical measurement techniques. In this work, the effects of pressure, temperature and salt concentration on bulk ^…

Full waveform inversion (FWI) aims to reconstruct high-resolution subsurface models from the full wavefield, which includes diving waves, post-critical reflections and short-spread reflections. Most successful applications of FWI are driven by the information carried by diving waves and post-critical reflections to build the long-to-intermediate wavelengths of the velocity structure. Alternativ…

Two methods for computing gravitational potential difference (GPD) between the GRACE satellites using orbit data have been formulated based on energy integral; one in geocentric inertial frame (GIF) and another in Earth fixed frame (EFF). Here we present a rigorous theoretical formulation in EFF with particular emphasis on necessary approximations, provide a computational approach to mitigate t…

We document and quantify effects of two types of catalogue uncertainties—earthquake location errors and short-term incompleteness—on results of statistical cluster analyses of seismicity in southern California. In the main part of the study we analyse 117 076 events with m ≥ 2 in southern California during 1981–2013 from the waveform-relocated catalogue of Hauksson et al. We presen…

In this study, we have systematically investigated the influence of the parameters of the slip-weakening law and the size of nucleation asperity on dynamic rupture of a planar fault in full-space and half-space using the boundary integral equation method, in particular, the occurrence conditions for subshear (or sub-Rayleigh for strike-slip rupture) and supershear ruptures. Besides the well-kno…

Dynamic tilts (rotational motion around horizontal axes) change the projection of local gravity onto the horizontal components of seismometers. This causes sensitivity of these components to tilt, especially at low frequencies. We analyse the consequences of this effect onto moment tensor inversion for very long period (vlp) events in the near field of active volcanoes on the basis of synthetic…