Scattering and refractions that occur in the heterogenous near-surface beneath seismic stations can strongly affect the relative amplitudes recorded by three-component seismometers. Using data from Tungurahua volcanowe have developed a procedure to correct these ‘site effects’.We show that seismic noise signals store site information, and then use their normalized spectral amplitudes as sit…

Tumors are the result of accumulated genomic alterations that cooperate synergistically to produce uncontrollable cell growth. Although identifying recurrent alterations among large collections of tumors provides a way to pinpoint genes that endow a selective advantage in oncogenesis and progression, it fails to address the genetic interactions behind this selection process. A non-random pat…

Based on cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise computed using 61 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) within the Juan de Fuca (JdF) plate from the Cascadia Initiative experiment and 42 continental stations near the coast of the western United States, we investigate the locations of generation of the primary (11–20 s period) and secondary (5–10 s period) microseisms in the northern Pacific…

Tahun Terbit

2009

Monte Carlo solutions to the radiative transfer equations are used to model translational and rotational motion seismogram envelopes in random elastic media with deterministic background structure assuming multiple anisotropic scattering. Observation and modelling of the three additional components of rotational motions can provide independent information about wave propagation in the Earth’s…

Tahun Terbit

2009

Pancrustacea (Hexapoda plus Crustacea) display an enormous diversity of eye designs, including multiple types of compound eyes and single-chambered eyes, often with color vision and/or polarization vision. Although the eyes of some pancrustaceans are well-studied, there is still much to learn about the evolutionary paths to this amazing visual diversity. Here, we examine the evolutionary histor…

The epithelia involved in ionoregulation and detoxification in crustaceans and insects are quite distinct: the gills, hepatopancreas, and antennal gland serve these functions in crustaceans, whereas the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and, to some extent, the midgut, are involved in insects. This article compares the means by which the Na+/K+-ATPase and the vacuolar type H+-ATPase are used to ener…

The reflection-transmission coefficients of the stress wave propagating through a jointed rock mass are of great concern in many fields, for example seismology, exploration geophysics and geotechnical engineering. For a natural jointed rock mass, both the rock material and the joints should be treated to be viscous-elastic in the practical dynamic analysis. In this paper, Kelv…

This article exemplifies an action research-based approach for addressing conversation skills in an EFL setting. In many EFL contexts, especially those where English is a required subject, getting students to speak can be a challenge. In 2011, at a private Japanese university, a year-long action research project was conducted to help 160 first-year students taking mandatory English classes spea…