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Cari koleksi dengan cepat sesuai kebutuhan Anda.This article examines the admissibility of WikiLeaks diplomatic cables as evidence in international arbitral tribunals. Following the ICSID Tribunal�s recent Decision in ConocoPhillips v Venezuela, Venezuela challenged the Decision utilizing WikiLeaks diplomatic cables containing confidential communications between ConocoPhillips� counsel and representatives from the US Embassy. This…
With the enactment of Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006, 20 December 2006, �On nutrition and health claims made on foods� several health claims can no longer be used on food products in European markets. We simulate the overall impact of the regulation on consumers and producers using the Italian yogurt market as a case study, and data prior to the introduction of the policy. We quantify…
A recent class of factor demand models is discussed and used to analyse US state-level production data. The approach accommodates output risk, heterogeneous technologies, technological change, endogenous variables, aggregation across agents and more general flexible functional forms than previous models. We find the approach to flexibility found in the consumer literature empirically useful in …
Pricing and selling strategies in the retail sector are hotly debated in policy circles. This article analyses the impact of sales below cost on the negotiation outcomes in intermediate goods markets. Assuming that consumers have a sufficiently strong preference for one-stop shopping, we model below-cost pricing as the result of a profit maximising cross-subsidisation strategy of a multi-produc…
This paper analyses the extent to which the reduction of import tariffs as a measure of import competition affects the quality upgrading of the food products exported to the European Union (EU). This relationship is studied using a �distance to the frontier� model which is based on a non-monotonic relationship between competition and innovation. Quality is inferred from trade data usi…
New university graduates are highly geographically mobile, but, as the literature has, shown, often struggle in the labour market, working in non-graduate level jobs or in a field different from the one for which they are qualified. In this context, inter-industry moves can act as complements or substitutes for geographical moves, with graduates reacting to job mismatches by either changing loc…
We simulated how the decision of a hypothetical hospital to form an Accountable Care Organization through the purchase of physicians in a hypothetical county would translate into changes in prices and spending. Our simulation was based on regression estimates of the effects of hospital ownership of physicians on hospital and physician prices and spending on hospital, physician, and all heal…