Mammalian sex chromosomes evolved from the degeneration of one homolog of a pair of ancestral autosomes, the proto-Y. This resulted in a gene dose imbalance that is believed to be restored (partially or fully) through upregulation of gene expression from the single activeX-chromosome in both sexes by adosage compensatory mechanism. We analyzed multiple genome-wide RNA stability data sets and fo…

Learners’ dictionaries can help users not just with meanings, but also with collocations, syntax and common errors. Although there are several ways in which information for language production can be presented, previous research has shown that learners tend to prefer to obtain it from examples. However, early studies on the effects of dictionary examples did not disclose much evidence of thei…

Bacterial endosymbiosisis an important evolutionary process in insects, which can harbor both obligate and facultative symbionts.The evolution of these symbionts is driven by evolutionary convergence, and they exhibit among the tiniest genomes in prokaryotes. The large host spectrum off acultative symbionts and the high diversity of strategies they use to infect new hosts probably impact the ev…

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is the only rodent species that naturally lacks fur. Genome sequencing of this atypical rodent species recently shed light on a number of its morphological and physiological adaptations. More specifically, its hairless phenotype has been traced back to a single amino acid change (C397W) in the hair growth associated (HR) protein(or Hairless). By …

Models of protein evolution are used to describe evolutionary processes, for phylogeneticanalyses and homology detection. Widely used general models of protein evolution are biased toward globular domains and lack resolution to describe evolutionary processes for other protein types. As three-dimensional structure is a major constraint to protein evolution, specific models have been propo…

This paper examines the determinants of net interest margins (NIMs) in four regional blocks in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using bank-level data,we find that countries with a high level of operating costs, a lowlevel of non-interest income, a high ratio of equity to total assets and high treasury-bill interest rates have higher NIMs. Moreover, high operating costs are associated with low measur…

This study aims to investigate the experience of six early-career teachers who team-taught grammar to EFL college students using data-driven learning (DDL) for the first time. The results show that the teachers found DDL an innovative and interesting approach to teaching grammar, approved of DDL’s capacity to provide more incentives for students to engage in discussion, and endorsed its effec…

This article makes a case for bilingual learners’ dictionaries. These dictionaries are very different from traditional bilingual dictionaries, being attuned to the productive needs of learners who are speakers of a specific L1. Although they have been around for some time now, teachers of English remain largely unaware of their benefits (or, possibly, their existence), continuing to promote t…

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