Phronima sedentaria is a hyperiid amphipod that diel migrates into a pronounced oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. In this study, oxygen consumption and lactate production were measured in P. sedentaria to estimate the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to total metabolism under conditions that mimic its day- (1% oxygen, 108C) and night-time (20% oxygen, 208C) hab…

Viscoelastic behaviour of materials in nature is observed in post-event deformations due to seismic or volcanic activities. In this paper, by adopting the correspondence principle, we propose an inelastic model to predict first the Laplace-domain response of a transversely isotropic viscoelastic half-space due to a shear or tensile fault of polygonal shape. The displacement and stress fields i…

We try to detect an unidentified signal from the surface motion at northeastern Japan immediately after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. A focused frequency range is 10–100 mHz (10–100 s). We find a peaky signal with frequency of about 38 mHz (26 s) based on the horizontal-tovertical (H/V) spectral ratio using the high-rate GNSS data at 382 GEONET stations. We are not able to identify locality o…

We analyzed the genetic structure of the radiolarian morphospecies Larcopyle buetschlii from the surface to deep waters (up to 2000 m) in the Japan Sea using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal RNA genes. Each individual had several ITS variants, but these polymorphisms show no vertical phylogeographic structure, suggesting a single biological species. Its rapid clonal re…

The analysis of plankton size distributions in response to physical and biological forcing is relevant to the understanding of marine ecological processes. In this study, we evaluated the influence of seasonal intrusions of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) on zooplankton vertical distribution and normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS) on the inner shelf off subtropical Brazil. Monthly s…

The hypothesis that zooplankton evolve tolerance to cyanobacteria on a fine scale was tested by comparing the intrinsic rates of population increase (r) of a dominant cladoceran, Simocephalus vetulus, from seven small isolated lakes with the distances from 2.2 to 31.7 km. The toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (poor food) significantly depressed the r values, compared with a nutritious…

We image the P- and S-wave structure of the upper mantle in southwestern Scandinavia using a wavelet-based, multiscale parametrization and finite-frequency theory to model wave propagation. Relative traveltime residuals of direct P and S waves are measured in a high- and low-frequency band and are corrected for crustal structure using a detailed model for the study area. A range of resolution t…

The 1000-km-long left-lateral Dead Sea fault is a major tectonic structure of the oriental Mediterranean basin, bounding the Arabian Plate to the west. The fault is located in a region with an exceptionally long and rich historical record, allowing to document historical seismicity catalogues with unprecedented level of details. However, if the earthquake time series is well documented, locatio…

Functional trait diversity relates variation in the structure of biological communities to function and ecosystem processes. Zooplankton occupy a central position in marine food webs, modulating energy availability to higher trophic levels, while themselves affected by environmental variation. The use of traits with functional diversity potentially enables a more mechanistic understanding of v…

We discuss an inverse source formulation aimed at focusing wave energy produced by ground surface sources to target subsurface poroelastic formations. The intent of the focusing is to facilitate or enhance the mobility of oil entrapped within the target formation. The underlying forwardwave propagation problem is cast in two spatial dimensions for a heterogeneous poroelastic target embedded wit…