Array measurements of surface wave phase velocity can be biased by multipath arrivals. A two-plane-wave (TPW) inversion method, in which the incoming wavefield is represented by the interference of two plane waves, is able to account for the multipath effect and solve for laterally varying phase velocity. Despite broad applications of the TPW method, its usage has been limited to Rayleigh waves…

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a colliding beam research facility that is capable of colliding heavy ion beams as heavy as gold initially and uranium recently at a beam energy of 100 GeV/nucleon for ultra-high-energy nuclear physics research. It is also capable of colliding polarized proton beams up to a beam energy of 250 GeV for the spin-physic…

Statistical models of geomagnetic secular variations in terms of a Giant Gaussian Process (GGP) are compared with palaeontensity databases (Brunhes epoch, effusive rocks). We tested two GGP models TK and QC (suggested by Tauxe-Kent and Quidelleur-Courtillot) against 392 volcanic palaeointensity data, and found both models to be incompatible with the data. Even though at present there is no acce…

We derive the consistency relations for a chaotic inflation model with a non-minimal coupling to gravity. For a quadratic potential in the limit of a small non-minimal coupling parameter ξ and for a quartic potential without assuming small ξ , we give the consistency relations among the spectral index ns , the tensor-to-scalar ratio r , and the running of the spectral index α. W…

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been widely used in environmental applications to study processes associated with subsurface contaminants and contaminant remediation. Anthropogenic alterations in subsurface electrical conductivity associated with contamination often originate from highly industrialized areas with significant amounts of buried metallic infrastructure. The deleterious…

An Abelian gauge theory with a Chern–Simons (CS) term is investigated for a four-component Dirac fermion in 1 + 2 dimensions. The Ball–Chiu (BC) vertex function is employed to modify the rainbow-ladder approximation for the Schwinger–Dyson (SD) equation. We numerically solve the SD equation and show the gauge dependence for the resulting phase boundary for the parity and the chiral symmetry.

On the basis of quantum field theory, we consider a unified description of various processes accompanied by neutrinos, namely, weak decays and oscillation processes. The structures of the expectation values of flavor-neutrino numbers with respect to the neutrino-source hadron state are investigated. Due to the smallness of neutrino masses, we naturally obtain the old (i.e., premixing) formulas …

A new approach of seismoelectric imaging has been recently proposed to detect saturation fronts in which seismic waves are focused in the subsurface to scan its heterogeneous nature and determine saturation fronts. Such type of imaging requires however a complete modelling of the seismoelectric properties of porous media saturated by two immiscible fluid phases, one being usually electrically i…

In this paper, two separate but related goals are tackled. The first one is to demonstrate that in some saturated rock textures the non-linear behaviour of induced polarization (IP) and the violation of Ohm’s law not only are real phenomena, but they can also be satisfactorily predicted by a suitable physical-mathematical model, which is our second goal. This model is based on Fick’s second…

Many salt diapirs are thought to have formed as a result of down-building, which implies that the top of the diapir remained close to the surface during syn-halokinetic sediment deposition. Down-building is largely a 3-D process and in order to better understand what controls the patterns of the diapirs that form by this process, we here perform 3-D numerical models of down-built diapirs initia…