In this paper, we generalize the W2,p interior estimates of fully nonlinear elliptic equations that were obtained by Caffarelli [‘Interior a priori estimates for solutions of fully nonlinear equations’, Ann. of Math. 130 (1989) 189–213]. The generalizations are carried out in two directions. One is that we relax the regularity requirement on the ‘constant coefficients’ equations and …

In recent years, exciting scientific evidence has emerged highlighting the ecological importance of dead animals (i.e., carrion) and their consumption (i.e., scavenging), to the point that we could consider this the golden age of scavenging research. We now have a considerable body of theoretical and empirical work that indicates that scavenging is fundamental to properly understanding not only…

We show that it is impossible to algorithmically decide if the l2-cohomology of the universal cover of a finite CW-complex is trivial, even if we only consider complexes whose fundamental group is equal to the elementary amenable group (Z2 Z)3. A corollary of the proof is that there is no algorithm which decides if an element of the integral group ring of the group (Z2 Z)4 is a zero-divisor. …

Tahun Terbit

2010

Tahun Terbit

2010

Tahun Terbit

2010

This article discusses the role that local currency bond markets (LCBMs) can play in the long-term financing of sustainable development of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies, and presents an empirical analysis of the factors which may hinder or promote the development of such markets in SSA. Using a new dataset for 27 SSA countries, our findings support earlier research on SSA and other region…

Why should developing countries buy expensive catastrophe (CAT) insurance? Abstracting from risk aversion or hedging motives, we find that insurance may have a catalytic role on external finance. Such effect is particularly strong in those low- to middle-income countries that face financial constraints when hit by a shock or in its anticipation. Insurance makes defaults less likely, thereby rel…

We evaluate the benefits and costs of indexing multilateral loans to variables related to developing countries� ability to pay; i.e. whether a reform of multilateral lending is feasible and economically justified. The analysis covers 40 International Development Association (IDA) countries from 1990 to 2010 and focuses on three types of debt: GDP-indexed loans; export-indexed loans; inflat…

This article develops a theoretical framework to analyse options for financing infrastructure in developing countries. We build a basic model that gives motivations for using a combination of public finance, private debt, and private equity. The model is then extended in a number of ways to examine factors that are important for developing countries. We focus in particular on key institutional…