In the last decade, China�s trade with Africa increased faster than its overall foreign trade. This article focusses on the role of real exchange rates in this growth. A �bilateral real exchange rate� augmented trade gravity model applied to China�s trade with 49 African countries over the period 2000�2011 shows that the real appreciation of most African currencies rel…

Using data predominantly from the NECESS Array, but also incorporating surface wave data from surrounding networks, we present the results of a Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion of receiver functions, Rayleigh wave ellipticity (H/V ratio) and Rayleigh wave group and phase speeds from 8 to 80 s period for the 3-D shear velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Northeast China. We…

Epigenetic control of gene expression has important implications for the regulation of developmental processes, for mediating homeostasis and responses to the external environment, and for transgenerational inheritance of gene expression patterns. Genes that mediate epigenetic control have been well-characterized in Drosophila melanogaster, and we have identified and analyz edan orthologo…

The loss of Y-linked genes during sex chromosome evolution creates a potentially deleterious low gene dosage in males. Recent studies have reported different strategies of dosage compensation. Unfortunately, most of these studies investigated taxa with comparatively old sex chromosome systems, which may limit insights into the evolution of dosage compensation and thus into the causes of differe…

We employ both the Panzar and Rosse (1987) and the Bresnahan (1982) models to test for competition in the South African banking sector.We find evidence consistent with monopolistic competition in the South African banking sector. While this may be considered relatively good news for consumers that South African banks are not acting as a cartel, there is need for policies and other intervention…

Clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasitic fungus that can control several important plant diseases. Here, we report on the genome sequencing ofC. rosea and acomparative genome analysis, in order to resolve the phylogenetic placement of C.rosea and to studythe evolution of mycoparasitism as a fungal lifestyle. The genome of C. rosea is estimated to 58.3Mb, and contains 14,268 predicted genes. A phyl…

Transposable elements(TEs) are major components of vertebrate genomes, with major roles in genome architecture and evolution. In order to characterize both common pattern sand lineage-specific differences in TE content and TE evolution, we have compared the mobilomes of 23 vertebrate genomes, including 10 act in optery gian fish, 11 sarcoptery gians, and 2 nonbony vertebrates. We fo…

Nucleotide sequence differences on the whole-genome scale have been computed for 1,092 people from 14 populations publicly available by the 1000 Genomes Project. Total number of differences in genetic variants between 96,464 human pairs has been calculated. The distributions of these differences for individuals within European, Asian, or African origin were characterized by narrowunimodalpeaksw…

Cactophilic Drosophila species provide a valuable model to study gene–environment interactions and ecological adaptation. Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila mojavensis are two cactophilic species that belong to the repleta group, but have very different geographical distributions and primary host plants. To investigate the genomic basis of ecological adaptation, we sequenced the genome and de…

In this paper we argue for a new approach to monetary and fiscal policy. During the Great Moderation, the inflation targeting regime worked well. Central banks used the interest rate to stabilize inflation, and�subject to inflation being controlled�stabilized the level of demand. Fiscal policy exerted discipline over the public-sector deficits, thereby�indirectly�managing th…