Typical infra sound propagation paths extend into the middle and upper atmosphere before turning back to Earth near the stratopause or lower thermosphere. The modelling of infra sound propagation is complicated by several factors. Propagation of sound in the atmosphere becomes increasingly non-linear as the mean density of the atmosphere decreases. As a consequence, infrasound propagation, whic…

Small magnitude seismic activity has recently been considered for the assessment of aquifer properties and state. Since the aquifers are modelled as poroelastic, the computational resources needed to simulate the related wave propagation accurately can prove to be impracticable for field studies. Furthermore, the related parameter estimation problem poses significantly higher requir…

Pancrustacea (Hexapoda plus Crustacea) display an enormous diversity of eye designs, including multiple types of compound eyes and single-chambered eyes, often with color vision and/or polarization vision. Although the eyes of some pancrustaceans are well-studied, there is still much to learn about the evolutionary paths to this amazing visual diversity. Here, we examine the evolutionary histor…

The epithelia involved in ionoregulation and detoxification in crustaceans and insects are quite distinct: the gills, hepatopancreas, and antennal gland serve these functions in crustaceans, whereas the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and, to some extent, the midgut, are involved in insects. This article compares the means by which the Na+/K+-ATPase and the vacuolar type H+-ATPase are used to ener…

Seismic waves propagating in a porous medium, under favourable conditions, generate measurable electromagnetic fields due to electrokinetic effects. It has been proposed, following experimental and numerical studies, that these so-called ‘seismoelectromagnetic’ couplings depend on pore fluid properties. The theoretical frame describing these phenomena are based on the original B…

Methods for detecting, associating and locating infrasound events recorded on the global International Monitoring System (IMS) infra sound network are presented. By using likelihood arguments, and reducing the use of empirically determined parameters, our techniques enable us to formally quantify the false alarm rate at both station and network levels, and to calculate confidence areas fo…

We raise attention to the issue of consistency between the reference frame with respect to which the seismological model calculations of displacement are made on one hand, and that to which the geodetic measurements of crustal deformation refer (e.g.theITRF) on the other. This issue is critical in principle if the seismologically calculated displacement (orgravity change) is to be compared orus…

Wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profiles were recorded across the Cyprus Arc, the plate boundary between the African Plate and the Aegean–Anatolian microplate, from the Eratosthenes Seamount to the Hecataeus Rise immediately south of Cyprus. The resultant models were able to resolve detail of significant lateral velocity variations, though the deepest crust and Moho…

Studies of seismic tomography have been highly successful at imaging the deep structure of subduction zones. In a study complementary to these tomographic studies, we use array seismology and reflected waves to image as tagnant slab in the mantle transition zone. Using P and S (SH) waves we find a steeply dipping reflector centred at ca. 400km depth and ca. 550km west of the p…

We examine P-wave velocity structure at the base of the mantle beneath the western Pacific, near the western edge of the Pacific Large-Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP), using high-quality seismograms provided by a large-scale mobile broad-band seismic observation in north eastern China (the NECESSArray project). Forward modelling using the reflectivity method is conducted t…