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To what extent do politicians reward voters who are members of their own ethnic or racial group? Using data from large cities in the United States, we study how black employment outcomes are affected by changes in the race of the cities� mayors between 1973 and 2004. We find that relative to whites, black employment and labor force participation rise, and the black unemployment rate fa…
- Tahun Terbit
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We show that nonbinding law can have a constraining effect on political leaders, because legal compliance is a costly signal to imperfectly informed voters that the leader is unbiased. Moreover, nonbinding law can also have a liberating effect, enabling some leaders to take action when they otherwise would have done nothing. In addition, we illustrate how voters may face a trade-off between…
- Tahun Terbit
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When individuals trade with strangers, there is a temptation to renege on agreements. If repeated interaction or exogenous enforcement is unavailable, societies often solve this problem via institutions that rely on group, rather than individual, reputation. Groups can employ two mechanisms to uphold reputation that are unavailable to individuals: information sharing and in-group punishment. …
- Tahun Terbit
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How does a court�s policy-making authority shape the nature of judicial behavior? We argue that judicial systems that limit policy-making authority also discourage the politicization of courts, encouraging judges to think narrowly about the interests of litigating parties. In contrast, granting a court high policy-making authority�affecting potentially thousands of cases and othe…
- Tahun Terbit
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Corruption is usually depicted in one of two ways: as stemming from a lack of government accountability, or from a lack of capacity. Neither depiction predicts that the structure of institutions meant to control corruption should vary across autocratic regimes. If corruption results from moral hazard between politicians and citizens, then all unaccountable governments should eschew anticorr…
- Tahun Terbit
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We introduce a new method to measure the ideology of state Supreme Court justices using campaign finance records. In addition to recovering ideal point estimates for both incumbent and challenger candidates in judicial elections, the method�s unified estimation framework recovers judicial ideal points in a common ideological space with a diverse set of candidates for state and federal …
- Tahun Terbit
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- Tahun Terbit
- 2014
- Edisi
- ed.4
- ISBN/ISSN
- 978-1-4462-6997-8
- Deskripsi Fisik
- xxvii, 399 hlm. : ill. ; 24 cm
- Judul Seri
- fourth edition
- No. Panggil
- 001.42 KUM r
- Tahun Terbit
- 2014
- Edisi
- ed.4
- ISBN/ISSN
- 978-1-4462-6997-8
- Deskripsi Fisik
- xxvii, 399 hlm. : ill. ; 24 cm
- Judul Seri
- fourth edition
- No. Panggil
- 001.42 KUM r
