Statistical models of geomagnetic secular variations in terms of a Giant Gaussian Process (GGP) are compared with palaeontensity databases (Brunhes epoch, effusive rocks). We tested two GGP models TK and QC (suggested by Tauxe-Kent and Quidelleur-Courtillot) against 392 volcanic palaeointensity data, and found both models to be incompatible with the data. Even though at present there is no acce…

We derive the consistency relations for a chaotic inflation model with a non-minimal coupling to gravity. For a quadratic potential in the limit of a small non-minimal coupling parameter ξ and for a quartic potential without assuming small ξ , we give the consistency relations among the spectral index ns , the tensor-to-scalar ratio r , and the running of the spectral index α. W…

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been widely used in environmental applications to study processes associated with subsurface contaminants and contaminant remediation. Anthropogenic alterations in subsurface electrical conductivity associated with contamination often originate from highly industrialized areas with significant amounts of buried metallic infrastructure. The deleterious…

An Abelian gauge theory with a Chern–Simons (CS) term is investigated for a four-component Dirac fermion in 1 + 2 dimensions. The Ball–Chiu (BC) vertex function is employed to modify the rainbow-ladder approximation for the Schwinger–Dyson (SD) equation. We numerically solve the SD equation and show the gauge dependence for the resulting phase boundary for the parity and the chiral symmetry.

On the basis of quantum field theory, we consider a unified description of various processes accompanied by neutrinos, namely, weak decays and oscillation processes. The structures of the expectation values of flavor-neutrino numbers with respect to the neutrino-source hadron state are investigated. Due to the smallness of neutrino masses, we naturally obtain the old (i.e., premixing) formulas …

A new approach of seismoelectric imaging has been recently proposed to detect saturation fronts in which seismic waves are focused in the subsurface to scan its heterogeneous nature and determine saturation fronts. Such type of imaging requires however a complete modelling of the seismoelectric properties of porous media saturated by two immiscible fluid phases, one being usually electrically i…

In this paper, two separate but related goals are tackled. The first one is to demonstrate that in some saturated rock textures the non-linear behaviour of induced polarization (IP) and the violation of Ohm’s law not only are real phenomena, but they can also be satisfactorily predicted by a suitable physical-mathematical model, which is our second goal. This model is based on Fick’s second…

Many salt diapirs are thought to have formed as a result of down-building, which implies that the top of the diapir remained close to the surface during syn-halokinetic sediment deposition. Down-building is largely a 3-D process and in order to better understand what controls the patterns of the diapirs that form by this process, we here perform 3-D numerical models of down-built diapirs initia…

If the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of cosmological perturbations takes a large value r ∼ 0.1, which may be inferred from the recent BICEP2 result, we can hope to determine thermal history, in particular, the reheating temperature, TR, after inflation by space-based laser interferometers. It is shown that upgraded and upshifted versions of DECIGO may be able to determine TR if it lies in the …

We describe a multihomogeneity theory for source-parameter estimation of potential fields. Similar to what happens for random source models, where the monofractal scaling-law has been generalized into a multifractal law, we propose to generalize the homogeneity law into a multihomogeneity law. This allows a theoretically correct approach to study real-world potential fields, which are inhomogen…