Reconstructions of the history of convergence between the Nubia and Eurasia plates constitute an important part of a broader framework for understanding deformation in the Mediterranean region and the closing of the Mediterranean Basin. Herein, we combine high-resolution reconstructions of Eurasia-North America and Nubia-North America Plate motions to determine rotations that describe Nubia-Eur…

We show a case study of full-waveform inversion (FWI) applied to a regional 240-km long seismic profile (called POLCRUST-01) located in southeast Poland. The experiment is unique because it portrays different tectonic deformation styles over a relatively short distance. It was designed for deep reflection imaging, but we decided to use FWI to provide a high-resolution P-wave velocity model of t…

The relative permittivity (εr) and the electrical conductivity (σ) of porous media are known to be functions of water saturation (S). As such, their measurements can be useful in effective characterisations and monitoring of geological carbon sequestration using geoelectrical measurement techniques. In this work, the effects of pressure, temperature and salt concentration on bulk ^…

We document and quantify effects of two types of catalogue uncertainties—earthquake location errors and short-term incompleteness—on results of statistical cluster analyses of seismicity in southern California. In the main part of the study we analyse 117 076 events with m ≥ 2 in southern California during 1981–2013 from the waveform-relocated catalogue of Hauksson et al. We presen…

In this study, we have systematically investigated the influence of the parameters of the slip-weakening law and the size of nucleation asperity on dynamic rupture of a planar fault in full-space and half-space using the boundary integral equation method, in particular, the occurrence conditions for subshear (or sub-Rayleigh for strike-slip rupture) and supershear ruptures. Besides the well-kno…

Seismic waves sensitive to the outermost part of the Earth’s liquid core seem to be affected by a stably stratified layer at the core–mantle boundary. Such a layer could have an observable signature in both long-term and short-term variations of the magnetic field of the Earth, which are used to probe the flow at the top of the core. Indeed, with the recent SWARM mission, it seems reasonabl…

It was established over a decade ago that the normal modes of the Earth are continuously excited at times without large earthquakes, but the sources of the ‘seismic hum’ have remained unresolved. In addition to the normal modes of the Earth, we show spectral lines in seismic data with frequencies which correspond closely to normal modes of the Sun. Moreover, the widths of the low-frequency …

Amoment tensor is a 3×3 symmetric matrix that expresses an earthquake source.We construct a parametrization of the 5-D space of all moment tensors of unit norm. The coordinates associated with the parametrization are closely related to moment tensor orientations and source types. The parametrization is uniform, in the sense that equal volumes in the coordinate domain of the parametrization cor…

Several studies have focused on the role of damage zone (DZ) on the hydromechanical behaviour of faults by assuming a fractured DZ (i.e. low stiffness/high permeability). Yet, this vision may not be valid in all geological settings, in particular, in high-porosity reservoirs as targeted by several underground exploitations. We investigate the impact of a high-stiff/low permeable DZ on the shear…

In this study, we demonstrate the application of 3-D isotropic elastic full waveform inversion (FWI) to a field data set from the Sleipner area in the North sea. The field data set consists of a narrow azimuth marine towed streamer survey. The limited maximum offset of less than 2000m poses strong challenges for the FWI technique, due to the lack of wide-angle wave phenomena, particularly for t…