There is a strong consensus in the experimental literature according to which women are more risk averse than men. However, new evidence reveals that only a tiny fraction of the replications of the Holt and Laury (2002) risk elicitation task displays gender differences. This striking distance between the consensus and the data gathered with this elicitation method provides a clean test of the p…

This article uses European Central Bank (ECB) survey data to assess whether gender matters in the small firms� financial structure and access to credit. Firms owned or managed by women (female firms) use smaller amounts and less heterogeneous sources of external finance than their male counterparts. According to statistical evidence, female firms have difficulty in accessing bank finance:…

There is evidence that age matters in politics. In this article we study whether implementation of affirmative action policies on gender can generate additional effects on an alternative dimension of representation, namely, the age of politicians. We consider an Italian law which introduced gender quotas in candidate lists for local elections in 1993, and was abolished in 1995. As not all munic…

Grandmothers� availability for childcare has been shown to increase the labor force participation (LFP) and fertility of daughters. However, grandmothers� childcare availability depends highly on their LFP. When grandmothers work, intergenerational income transfers to their daughters may increase at the expense of time transfers (through childcare). Using a Two-stage Two-steps Least S…

In many countries there is a considerable gender gap in enrolment for a bachelor�s degree in Economics, arguably an important stepping stone towards positions of influence in policymaking and occupations paying relatively high wages. We investigate the sources of this gap by looking in detail at the university admission process in the UK. We use a 50% random sample of administrative data c…

In this study, we analyze whether the gender of a student�s siblings affects the choice of college major. A family with same-gender siblings may encourage academic choices that are less gender stereotyped. We use a unique dataset covering 30,000 Italian students who graduated from high school between 1985 and 2005 that allows us to identify siblings. We follow their academic careers from h…

We summarize our two sets of controlled experiments designed to see whether single-sex classes within co-educational environments modify students� risk-taking attitudes. In Booth and Nolen (2012b), subjects are in school years 10 and 11, while in Booth et al. (2014), they are first-year university students randomly assigned to single-sex and co-educational classes. Both studies show that w…

Tahun Terbit

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Public health insurance and other arrangements covering health costs effectively provide insurance against changes in health status. These arrangements engage in burdensmoothing over the life cycle and entail various elements of redistribution. Lack of portability regarding this type of cover may impede international mobility and create financial losses or windfall gains on various sides, which…

We investigate optimal taxation of lifetime income with and without an option to emigrate during old age. The government sets the rates of deferred taxation and of taxes on interest income. With immobile agents, the optimal policy consists of full deferral of income taxes on savings and full taxation of interest. Potential mobility of the old calls for lower degrees of deferral and reduced taxa…